The dvm360® urology & nephrology page is home to a plethora of resources involving the latest advancements in diagnosing, managing, and treating, urology & nephrology. From expert insights into the latest trends to interviews, videos, podcasts, news, and beyond, find out everything you need to know about urology & nephrology here.
February 9th 2024
This is the first rapid test using urine developed by the Virginia Tech College of Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
New thoughts about chronic kidney disease (Part 1) (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common problem that affects an estimated 0.5 to 7% of dogs and 1.6 to 20% of cats. Nephron damage associated with CKD is usually irreversible and can be progressive. Renal failure results when three-quarters or more of the nephrons of both kidneys are not functioning.
Risk factors and patient monitoring to avoid acute kidney injury (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Acute kidney injury (AKI) often results from ischemic or toxic insults and usually affects the most metabolically active tubular portions of the nephron. If the ischemic or toxic insult is severe enough, acute renal failure (ARF) may result. In many cases, AKI and ARF inadvertently develop in the hospital setting in conjunction with diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Micturition disorders in dogs and cats (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Micturition is controlled by a combination of autonomic and somatic innervation. Sympathetic innervation to the bladder via the hypogastric nerve is composed of preganglionic fibers exiting the lumbar spinal cord from the L1-4 spinal cord segments and synapsing in the caudal mesenteric ganglion.
Do cats get bacterial urinary tract infections (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010The normal feline lower urinary tract has a number of defence mechanisms against infection. These include normal micturition (e.g., frequent and complete voiding), normal anatomy (e.g., length of urethra), uroepithelial mucosal barriers, the antimicrobial properties of normal urine (e.g., high specific gravity and osmolality) and a normal immune system.
Management of urethral obstruction in cats (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Lower urinary tract disease in cats was described as early as 1925. Over the years, the terms "feline urologic syndrome" (FUS) and "feline lower urinary tract disease" (FLUTD) have been used to describe the group of clinical signs related to problems voiding. However, these descriptive terms do not identify the underlying etiology.
Managing difficult urinary tract infections (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious disease of dogs, affecting as many as 14% of dogs over the course of their lifetime. The majority of these urinary tract infections (UTIs) are benign and respond readily to antimicrobial therapy.
Managing calcium oxalate uroliths in cats (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Struvite and calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths are the most commonly reported uroliths in cats. In the last 25 years, dramatic change in the prevalence of different urolith types has occurred. Until the mid-1980s, struvite uroliths made up 78% of submissions to the Minnesota Urolith Center (MUC).
Diagnosing and managing idiopathic cystitis in cats (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a sterile, inflammatory process causing signs of lower urinary tract disease (LUTD). It affects 1.5% of cats presented to primary care veterinarians.21 It is the most common diagnosis for young cats with LUTD (the second most common being urolithiasis).
Managing urinary incontinence (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Micturition is the act of urination and includes both a storage phase and a voiding phase. Animals presenting with urinary incontinence typically have one or more problems with the storage phase of micturition, which can usually be categorized as; insufficient urethral closure pressure; failure of the bladder to relax and accommodate urine; or abnormal anatomy of the bladder, ureter(s) and/or urethra.
Update on nephrotic syndrome (Proceedings)
April 1st 2010Nephrotic syndrome is an uncommon to rare complication of protein-losing nephropathies. Diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome requires the concurrent presence of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, third-space accumulation of fluid, (such as ascites) and hyperlipidemia; when present, this diagnosis is pathognomonic for glomerular disease.
Stones vs. crystals: Management and prevention (Proceedings)
April 1st 2010Crystalluria: Struvite crystalluria occurs in greater than 50% of healthy dogs, including animals without urinary tract infections; these crystals are also common in healthy cats. Incidental struvite crystalluria occurs because the mineral components of these crystals (magnesium, ammonia, phosphate) are normally excreted in large amounts into urine, and supersaturation leads to precipitation.
Advanced interpretation of the urine dipstick (Proceedings)
April 1st 2010In addition to the CBC and chemistry panel, the urinalysis is the third component of the minimum database. In addition to helping in the evaluation and monitoring of diseases of the kidneys and the lower urinary tract, a urinalysis provides information on the function of a number of other organs.
Advanced interpretation of the urine sediment (Proceedings)
April 1st 2010Urine sediment examination is an essential part of the urinalysis. As discussed in the previous lecture, a urinalysis should be performed whenever blood is collected for a 'metabolic screen' or 'healthy animal exam,' or a clinician is investigating any systemic disease.