The dvm360® urology & nephrology page is home to a plethora of resources involving the latest advancements in diagnosing, managing, and treating, urology & nephrology. From expert insights into the latest trends to interviews, videos, podcasts, news, and beyond, find out everything you need to know about urology & nephrology here.
February 9th 2024
This is the first rapid test using urine developed by the Virginia Tech College of Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Acute renal failure: leptospirosis is more common than you think (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010In dogs, leptospirosis most commonly results in acute renal failure (ARF) with or without concurrent (or subsequent) hepatic disease. Although leptospirosis can cause ARF along with acute liver disease (or liver failure), ARF without liver disease has become the most common clinical presentation of the predominant serovars of leptospirosis affecting dogs in the US.
Treatment of refractory urinary incontinence (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010Diagnosis and management of the majority of cases are routine; however, treatment of refractory urinary incontinence cases are frustrating for both the veterinarian and owner. The diagnostic approach to dogs with refractory urinary incontinence should include a thorough history (drugs, age of onset, and timing during the day of incontinence), physical examination (including rectal and neurologic examination), serum biochemistry profile, urinalysis, urine culture, abdominal radiographs and ultrasonography.
Diagnosing and managing recurrent urinary tract infections (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) are a common problem in dogs. There are 2 major types of UTI recurrence: relapse and reinfection. The implications of relapse versus reinfection are important for diagnosis and management of recurrent UTI. Relapses are defined as UTI recurrence of the same species and serologic strain of microorganisms within several weeks of withdrawal of therapy.
Feline nephroliths and ureteroliths (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010Nephroliths are uroliths (calculi) located in the renal pelvis and/or collecting diverticula of the kidney and ureteroliths are calculi located in the ureter. Although only 5 to 7% of all feline uroliths submitted to stone centers for analysis are nephroliths, the true incidence of nephroliths may be higher because many animals with nephroliths are asymptomatic.
Importance of proteinuria and hypertension in chronic kidney disease (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the term used to replace the older terms of chronic renal failure and renal insufficiency. This recognizes that CKD has a spectrum of severity from asymptomatic kidney disease to end stage uremia. Although CKD tends to be stable over the short term, it tends to progress to end-stage renal failure over months to years in most animals with CKD.
Urinary tract pointers (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010Successful treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) requires adjustments to be made in the typical therapeutic plan for UTIs. Identification of complicated UTIs and other urinary tract-related circumstances requiring special therapeutic considerations will be reviewed.
Urinary obstruction or functional urinary retention (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010One of the common clinical scenarios that may present a diagnostic challenge is dogs or cats with urine retention without an obvious cause. The fundamental question in these cases is: "Does this patient have functional urinary retention or mechanical urinary obstruction?"
Urinary tract pitfalls (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010It's not enough to take radiographs if you don't take the views that you need to provide essential information. A series of radiographs will be reviewed that demonstrate the pitfall of omitting key information. Other examples of omission of key information will also be examined.
Idiopathic cystitis (Proceedings)
November 1st 2010The most common cause of feline lower urinary tract disease is idiopathic cystitis. Feline idiopathic cystitis, formerly called idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease, is defined as a disease of undetermined etiology characterized by hematuria, dysuria, pollakiuria and possible urethral plug formation.
Research Updates: How often do uroliths really recur in cats?
August 1st 2010The recurrence of uroliths in cats is presumptively a common clinical situation; however, until now, no study has examined recurrence rates or the approximate time until recurrence for the main types of calculi found in cats.
Proteinuria: Is it really something I need to be concerned about? (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Proteinuria is routinely detected by semi-quantitative, screening methods, like the conventional dipstick colorimetric test (very common) and the sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) turbidimetric test (less common). The dipstick test is inexpensive and easy to use. This test primarily measures albumin, however both the sensitivity and specificity for albumin are relatively low with the dipstick methodology.
Hyperthyroidism: A view from the urinary tract (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Hyperthyroidism is one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases of the older cat. Geriatric cats with hyperthyroidism may also have concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD). Systemic hypertension, proteinuria, and urinary tract infection (UTI) can be consequences of either hyperthyroidism or CKD.
A case-based approach to patients with azotemia (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Azotemia is defined as increased concentrations of urea and creatinine (and other nonproteinaceous nitrogenous substances) in the blood. The interpretation of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations as a measure of renal function requires a knowledge of the production and excretion of these substances.
Urolithiasis in small ruminants (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Urinary calculi, or uroliths, are concretions of solid mineral and organic compounds that cause disease through direct trauma to the urinary tract and obstruction of urinary outflow. The urethral process is the most common site of obstruction in sheep and goats.
Approach to patients with a complicated or recurrent UTI (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Most bacterial infections of the lower urinary tract respond quickly to antimicrobial treatment; however, urinary tract infections (UTI) associated with defects in the host immune system (complicated UTI) often fail to respond or recur after antibiotic withdrawal and can be a therapeutic challenge.
NSAIDs and the kidney and liver (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common problem that affects an estimated 0.5 to 7% of dogs. Radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA) occur in 20% of dogs. The majority of OA and CKD are acquired and both conditions are more prevalent in older dogs. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has dramatically improved the quality of life for many dogs with OA.
Diagnostic approach to lower urinary tract disease (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010The clinical signs of many lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD) in dogs and cats are similar. Correct identification of the underlying disease process is critical to the development and implementation of a successful treatment plan.
New thoughts about chronic kidney disease (Part 2) (Proceedings)
August 1st 2010Systemic hypertension in animals has largely been thought to be secondary to another disease (e.g., renal disease and endocrinopathies), as opposed to idiopathic (primary or essential). This has recently been called into question. For example, in a report of 69 hypertensive cats, seen at North Carolina State University (NCSU) for ocular disease, revealed that at least 17%, and possibly as many as 50%, of cats had no identifiable cause for their systemic hypertension.