Urology/Nephrology

Renal failure results when approximately three fourths of the nephrons of both kidneys cease to function.

Urinary tract disorders occur infrequently in horses but represent significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this article, we will discuss identification and management of urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunction, urolithiasis, and hematuria.

Most diagnostic reagent strips used to perform routine urinalysis in veterinary laboratories were designed for human use.

This article describes seven steps for performing retrograde urohydropropulsion.

Urocystoliths are commonly voided in the urethra of male dogs where they often become lodged adjacent to the caudal aspect of the os penis.

Researchers have yet to pin down the cause or causes of this frustrating and often painful disease, so a definitive treatment protocol remains elusive. Current recommendations include lifestyle changes such as stress relief and increased water intake.

Davis, Calif. -- A team of researchers at the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine say a gene mutation is responsible for high levels of uric acid, and sometimes bladder stones, in Dalmatians.

During the past three decades, a tremendous amount of information has been generated regarding the etiology, detection, treatment, and prevention of canine urolithiasis.

Many forms of glomerular disease are thought to be associated with the presence of immune complexes in glomerular capillary walls.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common problem that affects an estimated 0.5 to 7% of dogs and 1.6 to 20% of cats.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common problem that affects an estimated 0.5 to 7% of dogs. Radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA) occur in 20% of dogs.

Acute kidney injury often results from ischemic or toxic insults and usually affects the most metabolically active tubular portions of the nephron.

Clinical signs associated with prerenal azotemia are often nonspecific and may be similar to those caused by ARF.

The urinalysis (UA) is an often overlooked and underutilized test in veterinary medicine.

Most bacterial infections of the lower urinary tract respond quickly to antimicrobial treatment; however, urinary tract infections (UTI) associated with defects in the host immune system (complicated UTI) often fail to respond or recur after antibiotic withdrawal and can be a therapeutic challenge.

By altering pre-glomerular resistance, healthy kidneys can maintain relatively stable glomerular capillary pressures despite variations in systemic blood pressure.

Renal damage and disease can be caused by acute or chronic insults to the kidney.

FLUTD refers to a spectrum of diseases that result in pollakiuria, hematuria, stranguria, dysuria and/or periuria in the cat.

Over the last several years, there has been a shift in the mineral content of uroliths in cats from predominantly magnesium-ammonium phosphate to calcium oxalate.

Urolithiasis is common in dogs and cats, causing morbidity and, occasionally, mortality.

Give this form to clients with overweight cats to help them understand the ins and outs of weight loss.

What is your interpretation and diagnosis?

In 1981, calcium oxalate was detected in only 2 percent of feline uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center, whereas struvite was detected in 78 percent. However, beginning in the mid-1980s, a dramatic increase in the frequency of calcium oxalate uroliths occurred in association with a decrease in the frequency of struvite uroliths (Figure 1) .

In the Dr. Seuss classic Go Dogs Go, we learn a very important lesson that remains with us throughout our lives: Red means stop.

Malignant tumors of the lower urinary tract include transitional cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.