Neurology

First case: Infraspinatus muscle contracture in the dog

The word encephalopathy literally means "disease or disorder" of the brain.

It is helpful to develop an ordered approach to this problem.

There are varied opinions about this definition but for this discussion we will define a patient as refractory when: 1) an anticonvulsant (AC) has been used as monotherapy, the high end of the "therapeutic" blood level has been achieved for the AC and the patient continues to have the same or an increased number of seizures (szs); 2) a patient that has developed side effects from an AC that now precludes its use; or 3) the patient that has been well controlled for months or years and recently has had a significant increase in sz frequency.

In the field of equine neurology, there has been the discovery of a few new disorders, in addition to some newer diagnostics, and/or therapeutics.

Disease processes are categorized into Congenital, Degenerative, Developmental, Inflammatory, Metabolic, Neoplastic, Traumatic and Miscellaneous processes.

Case 1: Herd of 150 Angus crossbred cows, gave birth to these calves.

Question 1: Is it a primary neurological disease? Question 2: Is it rostral or caudal to foramen magnum?

Generalized weakness can present a formidable problem solving challenge for the veterinary clinician.

If the owner calls your clinic first, and states that the animal is recumbent, instruct them to transport the animal on a plywood stretcher or similar firm support system if at all possible.

A modern-age solution for an old-age problem

A frantic owner brings in a 4-year-old Scottish terrier that cannot use its back legs after a collapse.

Practitioners provide veterinary care for a growing number of meat goats in the United States - animals known to develop neurological disease.

Clients frequently use the term "seizure" to describe many different episodic events.

The primary goal is to treat the underlying disorder.

Animals with acute intervertebral disk extrusion are almost always painful.

Tetraparesis or tetraplegia is a neurological condition in which all four limbs are weak (paresis) or paralyzed (plegia).

Overview of equine rabies, equine herpes virus-1, and parasitic infection of the CNS

Fibrocartilagenous embolus(i) is an acute spinal cord infarction(s) caused by microscopic spinal vessel occlusion by material histologically resembling the intervertebral disk (nucleus pulposus).

Acquired myasthenia gravis is an immune-mediated disorder in which autoantibodies develop against the neuromuscular junction acetylcholine receptors (AChR).

The primary concerns for anesthesia for dogs with spinal neurologic disease are the need to prevent pulmonary aspiration of gastric fluid if food has not been withheld, to maintain a low intracranial pressure (ICP) and therefore a low spinal cord pressure, and the provision for pain management.

Dr. C.W. Dewey gave an excellent lecture at the 2007 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum on ?Recent and Upcoming Developments with the New Anticonvulsant Drugs.?

A chief concern with any trauma that causes frontal or poll injury is possible damage to the central nervous system.

In four videos, Dr. Joan R. Coates demonstrates how to perform a neurologic exam in a dog.

Part 1 of performing a neurologic examination.