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The respiratory medicine page is a comprehensive resource for Veterinary news, animal health, & pet care insights on respiratory medicine. Read more at dvm360.

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Clinical

In 2022, for the first time in 31 years, the Labrador retriever was dethroned as the most popular by the French Bulldog, and the French Bulldog continued on its winning streak into 2023. With the rise in popularity of the French Bulldog, there has been a rise in brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) cases in veterinary clinics and clinical studies. In fact, in the last 10 years, there have been almost 200 clinical-focused studied on BOAS, when the 10 years before that, 2004-2014, there was a total of 30 studies.

In today's Vet Blast Podcast episode presented by 

, our host Adam Christman, DVM, MBA, chats with Boaz Man, DVM, discussing his work on these BOAS patients, the role social media plays in bringing awareness and education to pet owners, plus how veterinary professionals can play their part in improving breed standards. 

: So share with the listeners about what happens when you have your typical BOAS dog, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome dog, that walks into your clinic and they have that breathing issue. Where do you begin?

The first thing you hear, the sound, is the sound of an airway obstruction. You know, your dog can't breathe. Your dog is struggling. And imagine you living with an upper airway obstruction. That's what they're suffering through. Try to breathe through a straw. Try to pinch your nose and breathe. I have pet parents do this. Try it. Go ahead, hold them closed for about 30 seconds. Tell me how it makes you feel. You know, put yourself in the body of your pet. 

You love your pet. You want the best for your pet. And they should not have to struggle to survive. They should not have to breathe with their mouth open. The reason they do that sound is because they can't breathe through their nose, so they're obligated to open their mouth to try to get some air in there, but they're not getting the air in there. They're not getting the air in their nose. They're not getting the air in their throat, because they have 2 main blockages. We're talking about the nose, obviously, and the throat, which is most commonly the elongated and the thick and soft palate.

Man B. Addressing brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in general practice. April 12, 2024. Accessed November 20, 2024. https://www.dvm360.com/view/addressing-brachycephalic-obstructive-airway-syndrome-boas-in-general-practice

Boaz Man, DVM, joins our host Adam Christman, DVM, MBA, to discuss his work with canines with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome

BOAS with Dr Boaz Man

As this mysterious canine respiratory disease begins to infect dogs in multiple states and make headlines across the nation, many pet parents and veterinary teams are seeking out information to better understand this disease, and how to keep their pets safe. Because there is little information out there, what exactly do veterinary professionals know about this illness, and what can clients do to keep their loved pets happy and healthy?

During this week’s episode of The Vet Blast Podcast, Adam Christman, DVM, MBA, invited Silene St. Bernard, DVM, DACVPM, regional medical director at VCA Hospitals, to discuss the diagnosing process for this disease, how veterinary teams should be talking about it with clients, and how veterinary teams can keep their own pets safe when they return home from the clinic.

: I think that the biggest challenge is that there's a ton of information in the media and we don't have a lot of information to actually provide. So we are seeing an increase in respiratory cases, spotty all around the US and different locations. Some of those cases are cleanly getting diagnosed with assorted viruses and bacteria that we already know about and contest for. But we seem to have some cases in some locations that are progressing to more serious illness, potentially into pneumonia and we don't have diagnoses for all of them. Not everybody diagnoses these for respiratory illness in dogs. It's becoming more common. We've had outbreaks in the past several years. So people I think, are more comfortable with our diagnostics now and will do more testing. But a lot of them potentially get treated just get better, which is what's happening with most of them and don't we don't have a firm diagnosis. 

What we're trying to identify now is, is there something new out there that we need to know about that we either can diagnose and/or need to figure out how to treat. I just don't think we have a clean answer if it's a virus or a bacteria or something else or a combination thereof, a lot of our respiratory diseases are combination disease. We see mycoplasma combined with 

 and things like that, too. So we're trying to do a lot of testing all the veterinary labs, universities, public health departments, on the veterinary side, of course, are all working on trying to come up with some answers. But we don't have one yet.

As this disease continues to spread across the United States, Drs Adam Christman and Silene St. Bernard discuss the latest information available to veterinary professionals

The mysterious canine respiratory disease: What we know and what we don’t so far

The American Veterinary Medical Association warns that the wildfires from Canada are causing poor air quality in parts of the US, which could affect animals

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Mary Ann Evans, BS, CVT, VTS (ECC), discusses treatment for smoke inhalation in pets

Respiratory distress with smoke

Mary Anne Evans, BS, CVT, VTS (ECC), intensive care unit nursing supervisor at Mount Laurel Animal Hospital in New Jersey, has experience with cases of smoke inhalation in animals. In an interview with 

, she discussed how these patients are treated when they present with this type of emergency respiratory distress, including those escaping house fire or wildfire.

The following is a transcript of the video:

: Respiratory cases are one of the tougher cases for us to see, because that is something that we can outwardly see our patients struggle with, but we do see them often, and oxygen support is the main and most important part of that treatment.

It's tough to watch them go through that, because it's really just kind of time and supplying the oxygen and any other support they might need through the respiratory emergency. We do have large and small oxygen cages, and we have other ways to deliver oxygen. So we have the little prongs like you often see humans have in the hospitals.

Mary Anne Evans, BS, CVT, VTS (ECC), discusses how veterinary care teams manage smoke inhalation in pets

Treating emergency respiratory distress

What are the best ways to diagnose respiratory infections in birds?

Methods for diagnosing avian respiratory diseases

Diagnosing respiratory infections in birds can be challenging, especially when using traditional imaging methods like radiographs or X-rays, as seeing these animals’ air sacs and sinuses is difficult. In an interview with 

 on her lecture at the Southwest Veterinary Symposium in Fort Worth, Texas, Lauren Thielen, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice), shared how she diagnoses respiratory infections in birds, pointing to computed tomography (CT) scans.

Lauren Thielen, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice): 

So, my primary way to diagnose respiratory infections in birds is imaging. And so, you know, you can use radiographs or X-rays to, you know, look at the lungs. It's really hard though to see the air sacs, and it's impossible to see the sinuses with these X-rays, so…unfortunately, even the lungs, sometimes disease has to be quite advanced to be able to really see what's going on.

CT [is] just a different imaging modality. And really what it's helping with is not only can you see these really thin air sacks, and you can see them thickened or [with] like plaques on them, but you can really look in the trachea, look inside the sinuses, see the mucus there, and you can pick up very subtle changes to the lungs that you would otherwise miss.

Tasha McNerney, BS, CVT, CVPP, VTS (Anesthesia), discussed her lecture on mechanical ventilation with general anesthesia in a dvm360 interview.

Utilizing mechanical ventilation

Tasha McNerney, BS, CVT, CVPP, VTS (Anesthesia), cofounder of Veterinary Anesthesia Nerds, was recently tasked with presenting a lecture on ventilation at dvm360’s 2024 Fetch Coastal conference in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The talk aimed to address lung physiology, mechanical ventilation, and various other ventilation modes, and when they will be the most beneficial to your patients.

A practicing technician at Mount Laurel Animal Hospital in New Jersey, McNerney discussed her lecture and the role of mechanical ventilation for cases in general anesthesia, in an interview with 

. The following is a transcript of the video:

Tasha McNerney, BS, CVT, CVPP, VTS (Anesthesia)

: Mechanical ventilation is something that I am pretty passionate about. It just kind of became a newer thing for me in the past year. Certainly, mechanical ventilation is not new. We've been doing this for years and years. I mean, in human medicine, we have people that that's their whole job, as respiratory therapists, right? And that's all they do, is ventilation. 

So we know that our [veterinary] patients under anesthesia, often—almost always—will hypoventilate. Now, there's different ways that we can do things. We can be the ventilator. We can do something called intermittent positive pressure ventilation, or we can utilize a ventilator. But then we look at really breaking the ventilator and the mechanical ventilator down even further. There's all these different kinds of ventilation modes and ventilation strategies we can use based on the patient in particular. So the same way that we create an individualized anesthetic plan, we can create an individualized ventilation plan that's going to make the most sense for that patient.

For more articles and interviews from Fetch Coastal, visit our 

Tasha McNerney, BS, CVT, CVPP, VTS (Anesthesia), discussed her lecture on mechanical ventilation for cases in general anesthesia in a dvm360 interview.

Conference

Planning for ventilation with general anesthesia

Christopher G. Byers, DVM, DACVECC, DACVIM (SAIM), CVJ, explains key differences between obstructive and restrictive breathing patterns in cats

Dr Byers obstructive vs restrictive breathing patterns

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, Christopher G. Byers, DVM, DACVECC, DACVIM (SAIM), CVJ, lays out the key differences between obstructive breathing patterns and restrictive breathing patterns in cats. Indicators include the speed and depth of the breaths. 

Christopher G. Byers, DVM, DACVECC, DACVIM (SAIM), CVJ: 

So, a patient with an obstructive breathing pattern classically breathes with a slower rate and a lot of inspiratory effort. In contrast, a patient with a restrictive breathing pattern usually is breathing at a faster rate, so they have tachypnea, but they can't adequately or normally expand their thoracic cage, and so the breaths are shallow in nature. They're not your normal title, volume, type of breath. And so, those are the major differences between an obstructive and restrictive breathing pattern.

Christopher G. Byers, DVM, DACVECC, DACVIM (SAIM), CVJ, explains the difference between obstructive and restrictive breathing patterns

Respiratory Medicine

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