• DVM360_Conference_Charlotte,NC_banner
  • ACVCACVC
  • DVM 360
  • Fetch DVM 360Fetch DVM 360
DVM 360
dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care
dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care
By Role
AssociatesOwnersPractice ManagerStudentsTechnicians
Subscriptions
dvm360 Newsletterdvm360 Magazine
News
All News
Association
Breaking News
Education
Equine
FDA
Law & Ethics
Market Trends
Medical
Politics
Products
Recalls
Regulatory
Media
dvm360 LIVE!™
Expert Interviews
The Vet Blast Podcast
Medical World News
Pet Connections
The Dilemma Live
Vet Perspectives™
Weekly Newscast
dvm360 Insights™
Publications
All Publications
dvm360
Firstline
Supplements
Vetted
Clinical
All Clinical
Anesthesia
Animal Welfare
Behavior
Cardiology
CBD in Pets
Dentistry
Dermatology
Diabetes
Emergency & Critical Care
Endocrinology
Equine Medicine
Exotic Animal Medicine
Feline Medicine
Gastroenterology
Imaging
Infectious Diseases
Integrative Medicine
Nutrition
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Orthopedics
Pain Management
Parasitology
Surgery
Toxicology
Urology & Nephrology
Virtual Care
Business
All Business
Business & Personal Finance
Hospital Design
Personnel Management
Practice Finances
Practice Operations
Wellbeing & Lifestyle
Continuing Education
Conferences
Conference Listing
Conference Proceedings
Upcoming dvm360 Conferences
Resources
CBD in Pets
CE Requirements by State
Contests
Partners
Spotlight Series
Team Meeting in a Box
Toolkit
Top Recommended Veterinary Products
Vet to Vet
Veterinary Heroes
  • Contact Us
  • Fetch DVM360 Conference
  • Terms and Conditions
  • Privacy
  • Do Not Sell My Information
  • About Us

© 2023 MJH Life Sciences and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. All rights reserved.

Advertisement
By Role
  • Associates
  • Owners
  • Practice Manager
  • Students
  • Technicians
Subscriptions
  • dvm360 Newsletter
  • dvm360 Magazine
  • Contact Us
  • Fetch DVM360 Conference
  • Terms and Conditions
  • Privacy
  • Do Not Sell My Information
  • About Us
  • MJHLS Brand Logo

© 2023 MJH Life Sciences™ and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. All rights reserved.

Canine clinical cases (Proceedings)

November 1, 2009
Walter Threlfall, DVM, MS, PhD, ACT

Clinical reproductive case studies.

Case #1

History

  • 18 month old female intact Plott hound, "Donna"

  • Bloody discharge that started approximately 4 1/2 weeks ago

  • Discharge has increased and decreased during this time

  • This is the first heat, and the owner would like to breed her

Clinical findings

  • HR, RR, temperature normal

  • Weight: 57 pounds

  • Bloody vulvar discharge

Differentials

  • Proestrus

  • Estrus

  • Endocrine Producing Ovarian Tumor

  • Cystic Ovaries.

  • Exogenous Estrogens

Possible diagnostics

  • Vaginal Cytology

     o Is the reproductive tract normal?

  • Progesterone Assay

     o Has progesterone started to elevate?

  • LH concentration: No Value!

  • Estradiol

     o No more value than a cytology!

Advertisement
  • Ultrasound of the reproductive tract

     o Rarely of value, except to locate follicular like structures or tumors on the ovaries

  • Karyotyping: Not indicated

  • CBC, profile, urinalysis

     o May be performed if indicated

  • Thyroid panel

  • Radiographs

     o Unnecessary

  • Laparoscopic examination or exploratory laparotomy may be considered

     o Rarely of value in a bitch with these signs!

Diagnostic test findings

  • Vaginal Cytology

     o Normal proestrous/estrous cytology

Differential diagnoses

  • Proestrus - Too long for normal proestrus

  • Estrus - Not typical of normal estrus

  • Endocrine Producing Ovarian Tumor - Rare

  • Exogenous Estrogens - Watch the clover and birth control pills!

Diagnosis

  • Cystic Ovaries

     o Diagnosis based on history (proestrus should not last over 18 days), and vaginal cytology

     o History must rule out exogenous estrogens!

Treatment

  • Miberolone

     o 18 mcg/lb for 5 to 10 days

  • Testosterone

     o 2 mg/kg up to 30 mg?

  • Ovaban - Megestrol acetate

  • hCG - 500 to 1000 units/animal

     o PREFERRED

  • GnRH

Expected results

  • Our treatment with hCG is 95% successful

  • Signs decrease within 5 days and should be gone by 14 days

  • Two treatments are 100% successful

Case #2

History

  • 20 month old female intact Chinese Crested, "Tina"

  • Tina was mated to a male Beagle by accident

  • One previous litter, no problems

  • Owner wishes to terminate pregnancy

Clinical findings

  • HR, RR, and temperature is normal

  • Weight: 6 pounds

  • Slight serous discharge from the vulva

Differential diagnoses

  • Proestrus

  • Estrus

  • Pregnant from Mismating

  • Non Pregnant from Mismating

Possible diagnostic tests

  • CBC, Profile, U/A: No Value

  • Vaginal cytology

     o Look for presence of sperm and evidence of estrus

  • LH Assay: No Value

  • Ultrasound: Little to no value

  • Radiograph: No Value

  • Progesterone Assay

Diagnostic test findings

  • Vaginal Cytology

     o Sperm Present on Cytology

     o Signs of estrus present

  • Progesterone Assay

     o 11 ng/ml

Differential diagnoses

  • Proestrus

     o Progesterone indicates estrus

  • Estrus

     o In estrus and had ovulated when bred!

  • Pregnant

     o Wait and See

  • Non Pregnant

     o Wait and See

Diagnosis – mismated: Treatment

  • Recommended ultrasound exam of Tina at 25 to 30 days from suspected time of ovulation based on progesterone concentrations

  • If pregnant

     o ECP?

     o NO, NO, NO

  • Prostaglandin F2Alpha

     o Excellent, inexpensive

  • Ovariohysterectomy

     o Best for nonbreeders

  • Ergots (??????????)

Expected results

  • 100% effective

  • Just continue treatment until fetuses disappear!

Case #3

History

  • 4 ½ month old intact Yellow Labrador Retriever, "Lady"

  • Vulvar discharge with duration of one month

  • Dog licks the vulvar area

  • Appears to go outside to urinate more often

  • Discharge is mucoid

Clinical findings

  • HR, RR, temperature are all normal

  • Weight: 35 pounds

  • Physical exam within normal limits except slight vulvar discharge

Differential diagnosis

  • Metritis

  • Pyometra

  • Vaginitis

  • Cervicitis

  • Vaginal Tumors

Possible diagnostic tests

  • Vaginal cytology

     o Determine if inflammatory or infectious process is present

  • Vaginal culture

     o Only if cytology deems it is warranted

  • CBC/profile

     o Limited value

  • Brucella screening test?

  • Ultrasound

     o Limited value

  • Radiographs

     o Limited value

Diagnostic test findings

  • Cytology

     o Numerous WBC

  • Culture

     o Streptococcus sp. Sensitive to ampicillin

Differentials

  • Metritis

     o Too young

  • Pyometra

     o Has not had a heat

  • Vaginitis

     o Possible and common

  • Cervicitis

     o Rare in the bitch and rarer in the young non-bred bitch

  • Vaginal tumors

     o Rare in a dog this young

Diagnosis

  • Vaginitis-prepubertal

Treatment

  • Local antibiotic therapy

  • Premarin-weak estrogen

     o 20ug/kg

     o 0.625 mg tab/60 lbs twice a week

Expected Results

  • Recovery is approximately 95%

  • Stubborn cases may require retreatment or reculturing and using a different antibiotic

  • May disappear after a normal estrus

Case #4

History

  • 9 ½ year old coon hound, "Seeker"

  • Blood in urine and ejaculate

  • Used for breeding since he was 2 and up until he was 8

  • Few other health problems

  • Owners wish to use him again

Clinical findings

  • HR, RR, temperature were all normal

  • Weight: 48 pounds

  • Prostate is enlarged and normal division between lobes is absent

  • No pain on palpation

  • Blood in ejaculate appears during the middle portion of collection

Differentials

  • Prostatitis

     o Hypertrophy of the prostate

     o Acute Infectious Prostatitis

     o Chronic Infectious Prostatitis

     o Prostatic Cancer (?)

Possible diagnostic tests

  • Examination of ejaculate

     o Possible testicular degeneration

  • CBC/Profile

     o Little value since little systemic signs

  • Brucella

     o Always a good idea since he is a breeder

  • Testosterone concentration: Little value

  • Culture of prostate: Limited value initially

  • Urine culture: Probably no value

  • Ultrasound of prostate: May be of value

Diagnostic findings

  • Examination of the ejaculate

     o 12% primary abnormalities

     o 35% secondary abnormalities

     o Total number of cells within normal limits

Differentials

  • Hypertrophy of the prostate

     o Fits the history of blood without systemic signs or pain

  • Acute Infections Prostatitis

     o No increased temperature or pain

  • Chronic Infectious Prostatitis

     o No recurrent epidsodes of pain, or other indications of a chronic infectious condition

Diagnosis

  • Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Treatment

  • Castration: Only true treatment

  • Ovaban (magestrol acetate)

     o 0.25 mg/lb/day for at least 45 days

  • Proscar

     o 1 mg/kg/day for at least 4 months

  • Estrogens

Related Content:

Medical
Performing and calculating a PCV
Performing and calculating a PCV
Brief overview of acid-base interpretation
Brief overview of acid-base interpretation
Dog owners are not getting proactive OA information from their veterinarians
Dog owners are not getting proactive OA information from their veterinarians

Advertisement

Latest News

Partners for Health Pets and VHMA collaboration publish white paper

Vetstoria releases its Fill Rate platform

What's new with the "Dentistry Lane" across the veterinary profession?

Meet the BlackDVM Network

View More Latest News
Advertisement