Carolyn Arnold, DVM, DACVS

Lacerations to the stallion's penis typically occur when a stallion attempts to breed a mare across a fence, from the mare's tail hair or breeding stitch during coitus, or from improperly fitted stallion rings.

Common indications for surgery of the equine ovary include ovarian mass, tumor, ovarian hematoma, ovarian abscess, ovarian cyst, and bilateral ovariectomy.