Joseph J. Bertone, DVM, MS, DACVIM

Compounded drug formulation for use in equine clinical practice has at least two clearly ethical appeals, one contentious issue, and one non ethical practice.

Osteoarthritis and cervical pain can present with clinical. Almost all skeletal preparations of horses over 18 years old have evidence of arthritic changes.

This case represents what clinical impression indicates is the most common form of pleuropneumonia seen in equine practice.

The neurological examination should be performed with great care and with age and use differences in mind.

Neurologic gait deficits should be evaluated with basic systems and physiology in mind.

Narcolepsy/cataplexy is extremely rare and breed specific. In this author's opinion sleep deprivation and subsequent deficiencies in paroxysmal and hence recumbent sleep are far more common, and also commonly misdiagnosed as narcolepsy.