Signs that indicate pain in pets

Normal

Comfort: Asleep or interested in surroundings

Vocalization: Quiet

Heart rate: 0 to 15 percent above normal

Respiratory rate: 0 to 15 percent above normal

Mild to moderate pain

Comfort: Depressed, restless, no interest

Vocalization: Crying but responsive to voice

Heart rate: 16 to 45 above normal

Respiratory rate: 16 to 45 above normal

Severe pain

Comfort: Extreme agitation or thrashing

Vocalization: Continuous crying that is unusual for the patient

Heart rate: More than 45 percent above normal

Respiratory rate: More than 45 percent above normal

Other signs that indicate pain include self mutilation, anorexia, hiding, pacing, a decrease in normal activity, a change in routine, behavior changes, and aggression.